Japan launches mission to bring back first samples from Mars moon Phobos

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) initiated the Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) spacecraft launch on October 20, 2026. This ambitious endeavor marks the inaugural attempt to retrieve samples from Phobos, one of Mars’ two moons. The MMX spacecraft is currently en route to Phobos and will utilize a sample return lander for collection. Scientists anticipate that this mission represents a significant step in understanding the composition and origin of the Martian system. Data transmission from the lander is expected to begin approximately six months after arrival at Phobos.